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Background In recent years, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing significantly in China. Some studies have found that temperature is related to single metabolic index, but there is a lack of research on associated mechanism and identifying path of the influence of temperature on MS. Objective Based on the data of Guangdong Province, to investigate the effect of temperature on MS and its pathway. Methods A total of 8524 residents were enrolled by multi-stage random sampling from October 2015 to January 2016 in Guangdong. Basic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, health status, and physical activity level were obtained through questionnaires and physical examinations, and meteorological data were obtained from meteorological monitoring sites. We matched individual data both with the temperature data of the physical examination day and of a lag of 14 d. A generalized additive model was used to explore the exposure-effect relationship between temperature and MS and its indexes, calculate effect values, and explore the effects of single-day lag temperature. Based on the literature and the results of generalized additive model analysis, a path analysis was conducted to explore the pathways of temperature influencing MS. Results The association between daily average temperature on the current day or lag 14 day and MS risk was not statistically significant. When daily average temperature increased by 1 ℃, the change values of fasting blood-glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were −0.033 (95%CI: −0.040-−0.026) mmol·L−1, −0.662 (95%CI: −0.741-−0.583) mmHg, −0.277 (95%CI: −0.323-−0.230) mmHg, and −0.005 (95%CI: −0.007-−0.004) mmol·L−1 respectively. The effects of average daily temperature on FBG, blood pressure, HDL-C, and waist circumference lasted until lag 14 day. The effects of daily average temperature on SBP and DBP were the largest on the current day. Daily average temperature of current day had direct and indirect effects on FBG and SBP. Temperature had an indirect effect on TG, and the intermediate variables were waist circumference and FBG, with an indirect effect value of −0.011 (95%CI: −0.020-−0.002). The indirect effects of daily average temperature on SBP, FBG, and TG were weak. Conclusion There is no significant correlation between temperature and risk of MS, and daily average temperature of current day could significantly affected blood pressure and FBG with a lag effect. Daily average temperature of current day has indirect effects on FBG and TG.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic etiology of two patients with Perrault syndrome (PRLTS) in a family.@*METHODS@#Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out to screen potential variants within genomic DNA extracted from the proband. Suspected variants were validated by clinical data and results of Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#WES has identified two heterozygous variants of TWNK gene, namely c.1172G>A (p.Arg391His) and c.1844G>C (p.Gly615Ala). Sanger sequencing confirmed that the c.1172G>A (p.Arg391His), a known pathogenic variant, was derived from her father, while the c.1844G>C (p.Gly615Ala), a novel variant, was derived from her mother. Her brother, who was similarly affected, has carried the same compound heterozygous variants.@*CONCLUSION@#The compound heterozygous variants c.1172G>A (p.Arg391His) and c.1844G>C (p.Gly615Ala) of the TWNK gene probably underlie PRLTS in the sib pair. The above results have facilitated genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the affected family.
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Objective To investigate the content of cadmium in shellfish in Guangdong Province and make dietary exposure assessment of cadmium in shellfish.Methods The shellfish samples were collected from Pearl River Delta,Eastern and Western Guangdong Province using random sampling method.Point assessment method was used to evaluate the exposure of dietary cadmium intake from shellfish.The risk of dietary cadmium exposure from shellfish were evaluated.Results Three hundred and seven samples were included in the analysis.The median concentration of cadmium in shellfish was 0.630 mg/kg and the exceeding standard rate was 23.8％ (73/307).The exceeding standard rates in Eastern Guangdong,Western Guangdong and Pearl River Delta were 19.4％ (13/67),23.5％ (16/68),and 25.6％ (44/172),respectively.The corresponding median concentration of cadmium were 0.530,0.806 and 0.853 mg/kg,and the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.94,P ＞ 0.05).The average (P50) and high level (P97.5) daily intake of cadmium from shellfish by the total survey population was 0.957 μg/d,and 4.511 μg/d,respectively.The monthly intake of cadmium associated with shellfish calculated from average and P97.5 exposure doses accounted for 1.91％ and 9.02％ of PTMI,respectively.Conclusion The cadmium content of some shellfish in Guangdong Province exceeded the standard.However,the cadmium intake from shellfish by the survey population was not high.
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The paper analyzes the cause for poor medication compliance of hypertensive patients,indicates the necessity of development of hypertensive health management APP,designs three core functions of the APP including health science popularization,medication reminding and blood pressure monitoring,promotes the improvement of medication compliance of patients,and improves the use intensity of users of the APP through the internal incentive measures that combining health belief and effect monitoring and the external incentive measures that focus on the reward system.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study long-term effect on renal function exposed to environmental cadmium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stratified random sampling and cluster sampling method of epidemiological investigations were carried out in northern Guangdong province between April, 2011 and August, 2012. A total of 167 residents who lived in high cadmium exposure area for more than 15 years, aged above 40 were selected in exposed group. Moreover, A total of 145 residents who had similar living and economic conditions and lived in local for more than 15 years, aged above 40 were selected in control group. We used health questionnaires and medical examinations in order to acquire their health status. Home-harvested rice and vegetables were collected using quartering method for detection of cadmium level. Urine specimens of residents were collected for detection of cadmium level and creatinine as well as renal dysfunction biomarkers, namely, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and retinol binding protein(RBP), respectively. The analysis of spearman rank correlation and multiple regression were used to investigate the relationships between age, urinary cadmium levels and renal injury biomarkers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cadmium levels in rice and vegetables of exposed group were 0.75 and 0.10 mg/kg, both were significantly higher than 0.07 and 0.01 mg/kg in the control group (Z values were -6.32 and -7.84, all P values < 0.001). The urinary cadmium level of exposed group was 8.29 µg/g · cr, which was higher than that of the control group 2.03 µg/g · cr with significant difference (Z value was -11.39, P < 0.001). After stratified the total population by age, the urinary cadmium level in 40-49 years, 50-59 years and ≥ 60 years subgroups were 7.22, 8.71, and 13.10 µg/g · cr, which both were significantly higher than 1.80, 2.04, and 2.05 µg/g · cr in the control group (Z values were -5.22, -7.41, and -7.14, all P values < 0.001). After stratified the total population by gender, the urinary cadmium level of male and female were 5.12 and 12.36 µg/g · cr, which both were significantly higher than 1.79 and 2.16 µg/g · cr in the control group (Z values were -7.68 and -9.03, all P values < 0.001). Comparing the differences of renal dysfunction biomarkers (NAG, β2-MG, RBP) between two groups. The level of urinary β2-MG and RBP of exposed group were 0.21 and 0.04 µg/g · cr, which were higher than 0.05 and 0.00 µg/g · cr of the control group with significant difference (Z value was -7.08 and -9.65, all P values < 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that NAG, β2-MG and RBP were positively correlated with urinary cadmium and age, the correlation coefficients were 0.57, 0.49, 0.21 and 0.22, 0.26, 0.23 respectively (all P values < 0.001). After adjusting the effect of age, it was appeared that urinary cadmium levels contributed most to the alteration of NAG, β2-MG and RBP, the standardized regression coefficients were 0.57, 0.49 and 0.20 (all P values < 0.001), and suggested that the cadmium body burden was one of the most important factors for renal dysfunction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Residents, who had cadmium contaminated rice and vegetables for a long time, would take the risk of increasing body burden of cadmium and urinary early biomarkers of renal tubular injury that referred to occurrence of renal dysfunction.</p>